---
title: "London on a budget in 2026: real costs, free museums and an honest 7-day itinerary"
excerpt: "London has a reputation as an unaffordable city, and it's half true — only half. The pound near $1.27 makes American visitors wince at pub menus, but anyone who understands how London works discovers one of Europe's most generous capitals for outsiders. Seven of the world's biggest museums are free. Transport caps at £8.10 a day no matter how many rides you take. A Tesco sandwich runs £4. Heathrow Express charges £25 for what the Piccadilly Line delivers for £6.30. This guide tackles what international travelers need in 2026: nonstop flights from JFK or LAX from $480 on Norse or JetBlue, honest mid-range stays in Bloomsbury, paid attractions that earn their ticket (Tower of London) and those that don't (Buckingham Palace tour in August), a Cambridge day trip for £24, and West End musicals from the TKTS booth on Leicester Square for £35-60."
description: "London has a reputation as an unaffordable city, and it's half true — only half. The pound near $1.27 makes American visitors wince at pub menus, but anyone who understands how London works discovers one of Europe's most generous capitals for outsiders. Seven of the world's biggest museums are free. Transport caps at £8.10 a day no matter how many rides you take. A Tesco sandwich runs £4. Heathrow Express charges £25 for what the Piccadilly Line delivers for £6.30. This guide tackles what international travelers need in 2026: nonstop flights from JFK or LAX from $480 on Norse or JetBlue, honest mid-range stays in Bloomsbury, paid attractions that earn their ticket (Tower of London) and those that don't (Buckingham Palace tour in August), a Cambridge day trip for £24, and West End musicals from the TKTS booth on Leicester Square for £35-60."
slug: "london-cheap-real-costs-7-day-itinerary-2026"
locale: "en"
canonical: "https://voyspark.com/en/journal/london-cheap-real-costs-7-day-itinerary-2026"
author: "Curadoria Voyspark"
published_at: "Wed May 06 2026 03:32:15 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)"
updated_at: "Wed Jun 03 2026 15:30:19 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)"
vertical: "destination"
reading_time_minutes: 16
word_count: 3050
hero_image: "https://s3.voyspark.com/voyspark-images/articles/londres-barato-custos-reais-brasileiros-2026-roteiro-7-dias/hero.jpg"
tags:
  - "londres"
  - "reino-unido"
  - "barato"
  - "custos"
  - "7-dias"
  - "brasileiros"
---

# London on a budget in 2026: real costs, free museums and an honest 7-day itinerary

London is the European capital that confuses Americans the most. Not because of the language — every American feels they understand more English on signs than on any Latin one — but because it arrives expensive and turns out generous, feels distant but proves intimate, has a reputation for coldness yet treats tourists better than half the Latin cities that live off tourism. The pound at $1.27 turns every menu into a mental division problem that always feels unfavorable.

The truth is that London has two prices. There's the price for the tourist who arrives without method — stuck in Leicester Square paying £18 for generic fish and chips, buying Heathrow Express, paying £35 at the Tower of London with no skip-the-line, leaving convinced London costs triple Paris. And there's the price for the traveler who reads the city correctly — pays £8.10 of transport a day no matter what, has an £8 lunch at the Sainsbury's near the office, walks free into seven museums that in Paris or Rome would cost €25 each.

This itinerary is 7 days for an English-speaking first-timer in 2026. It won't cover everything — London is a 30-day city, not a 7-day one. But it covers the canonical without wasting a pound, and opens two day trips nobody explains properly.

---

### Flights, ETA, and when to go

**TL;DR**: Norse Atlantic and JetBlue have transformed transatlantic flights to LHR. JFK-LHR runs $480-650 nonstop on Norse, $550-800 on JetBlue Mint Lite, $900+ on legacy carriers. From LAX, expect $700-1,100 nonstop. May, June, September and October are the smartest months.

**Flights:** JFK-LHR in 2026 has three operator tiers. **Norse Atlantic** runs nonstop daily for $480-650 round-trip in economy — the cheapest reliable transatlantic option since 2024. **JetBlue Mint Lite** offers $550-800 with better seats and free Wi-Fi. **British Airways**, **Virgin Atlantic** and **American/Delta** sit at $900-1,400, justifying the premium only if you bank Avios, Flying Club or AAdvantage miles. From **LAX**, expect $700-1,100 nonstop on Norse, BA or Virgin (10-11 hours). From **DFW** or **ORD**, BA and American dominate at $650-1,000. Australians flying SYD-LHR via Singapore on Singapore Airlines or Qantas pay AUD 1,800-2,800.

General rule for 2026: book 8-10 weeks ahead for summer (June-August). For September and October, 4-6 weeks works. Chase Sapphire Preferred or Amex Platinum pay back trip-delay insurance — use one of them on the ticket.

**When to go:** May, June, **September** and **October** are the honest months. September especially — temperatures between 57°F and 68°F (14-20°C), days still long (sunset at 7:30 pm), summer tourism receding, accommodation 25-30% cheaper. July and August get warm by English standards (78-86°F / 26-30°C, air conditioning rare in older hotels) and crowded. November through February runs cold (36-48°F / 2-9°C), dark (sunset at 4 pm), rainy, but London empties out and the Christmas markets at South Bank, Hyde Park and Covent Garden reward anyone who handles the cold.

**Currency:** Pound sterling around $1.27 (2026 average, swings with Bank of England policy). Use Charles Schwab Debit (no foreign ATM fees, refunds worldwide surcharges) or Wise to hold pounds. Avoid airport bureau de change — 8-12% spreads. Chase Sapphire Preferred, Capital One Venture and Amex Platinum charge zero foreign-transaction fees and are the daily-spend kings. In 2026, contactless is universal: London buses haven't taken cash since 2014, the Tube only accepts Oyster or contactless.

**Visas and ETA:** Americans, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders and EU citizens don't need a tourist visa for the UK, with stays up to 6 months. **But you need the ETA** (Electronic Travel Authorisation), rolled out in 2025 and mandatory in 2026. It costs £10, applied at gov.uk/eta, valid 2 years, usually approved within 72 hours. File it at least 2 weeks before flying. No ETA = denied boarding in New York, lost ticket, no refund. The ETA is independent of the EU's ETIAS — Britain left Schengen.

**Brexit:** the practical effect on tourists is minimal. You land at Heathrow, head for the "All Other Passports" lane (separate from the UK lane), pass through the biometric eGate if your passport has a chip (every US passport issued after 2007), get stamped, and you're in. Average immigration time dropped from 45 min in 2023 to 15-25 min in 2026 with eGate access expanded to non-UK visitors.

---

### Heathrow to central: the honest math

**TL;DR**: Five ways out of Heathrow. For 90% of travelers, the Piccadilly Line: £6.30, 50 min, direct from arrivals. Heathrow Express at £25 only pays off in extreme cases. Elizabeth Line at £12.20 is the middle ground.

Five ways out of Heathrow into central London:

| Option | Price | Time | Who it's for |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Heathrow Express** | £25 | 15 min to Paddington | Landing at 11 pm with a crying child and burst suitcase |
| **Elizabeth Line** | £12.20 off-peak | 35 min to Paddington | Best balance of price and time |
| **Piccadilly Line (Tube)** | £6.30 | 50-60 min to center | Light packers chasing value |
| **Black cab** | £75-110 | 45-90 min (with traffic) | Family with 4 bags and kids |
| **Uber/Bolt** | £45-70 | 45-90 min | Late nights when the Tube is closed |

For 90% of visitors: **Piccadilly Line**. Walk down from international arrivals, follow "Underground" signage, tap contactless or Oyster, and you're in central London inside an hour. Luggage? Most Piccadilly carriages have space. The classic mistake is buying Heathrow Express by inertia. That £25 buys three pub lunches.

Legitimate exceptions for the Express: late-night arrival with a child, peak season with a packed Piccadilly (rare), or a hotel 200 m from Paddington where you gain two hours of rest. In every other scenario, Piccadilly wins.

---

### Where to sleep: honest neighborhoods for first-timers

**TL;DR**: Bloomsbury is the safe bet for first-timers — central, calm, by the British Museum, every Tube line within 10 min. For foodie couples, Hackney via Airbnb. For backpackers, Generator London or Earl's Court hostels from £35/night.

| Neighborhood | Who it's for | Mid-range avg | Vibe |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Bloomsbury** | First-timers, couples, readers | £150-200/night | By the British Museum, calm, central, academic charm |
| **King's Cross** | Train hubs, day trips | £140-190/night | Modernized, central station, new restaurants |
| **South Bank** | Photo, foodie, museums | £170-230/night | Tate Modern, the Globe, river, busy but alive |
| **Covent Garden** | Musicals, nightlife, first-timers | £200-280/night | Pricey, central, loud, packed |
| **Earl's Court** | Backpackers, hostels | £40-90/night (hostel) | Far from tourist core but direct Tube |
| **Paddington** | Heathrow Express crowd | £130-180/night | Useful, soulless, fine for the last night |
| **Hackney / Shoreditch** | Foodies, design, Airbnb | £100-150/night | Alive, young, food markets |
| **Notting Hill** | Couples, honeymoon, Portobello | £180-240/night | Pretty, expensive, more residential than touristy |

Standard suggestion for a first-timer: 4 nights Bloomsbury + 3 nights South Bank or Shoreditch. A foodie couple after the real London: 7 nights Hackney via Airbnb (£100-150/night, grocery store nearby, the 38 bus straight downtown in 30 min).

Hotels that deliver what they charge:
- **The Z Hotel Bloomsbury** — £140/night, compact rooms (130-150 sq ft) well-designed, wine-and-cheese hour from 5 pm
- **Hub by Premier Inn Covent Garden** — £160/night, small room but central, reliable chain quality
- **citizenM Tower of London** — £180/night, modern design, river views
- **Generator London (Bloomsbury)** — £35-55/night dorm, £90-110 private room, polished hostel with bar
- **YHA London Central** (King's Cross) — the most reliable youth-network option

---

### Oyster Card and the daily cap that changes everything

**TL;DR**: Oyster or contactless caps at £2.90 off-peak, £3.40 peak per ride in zones 1-2. Daily cap £8.10. Weekly cap £40.70. Your US Visa or Mastercard taps straight through — no physical Oyster needed.

The single most important thing for understanding cheap London is the transport system. **Oyster Card** or **contactless** (any Visa/Mastercard, US-issued cards work flawlessly) charge a flat fare in zones 1-2: £2.90 per off-peak ride, £3.40 peak. What changes everything is the **daily cap**: you never pay more than £8.10 a day, whether you take 3 rides or 18. And the **weekly cap**: never more than £40.70 between Monday and Sunday.

That means for most tourists, the physical Oyster (with a refundable £7 deposit) is unnecessary — just tap your US credit card directly. The system recognizes it, groups your week's rides, and applies the cap automatically. Even better: Apple Pay or Google Pay on your phone work identically.

Where to grab an Oyster if you want one: any TfL machine at the stations (Heathrow Terminal 2/3, Paddington, King's Cross). Load at least £20. At the end of your trip, request a refund of unused credit and the deposit at the ticket office.

London buses haven't taken cash since 2014. Contactless or Oyster only. Flat £1.75 per ride, with free transfers within 1 hour ("Hopper Fare"). Riding the top deck of a double-decker is one of the city's most underrated experiences — it's a free city tour. Routes 11, 15 and 38 cover more landmarks than any paid hop-on bus.

---

### Day 1 — Landing, Bloomsbury and the British Museum

**TL;DR**: Land at Heathrow, take the Piccadilly Line direct to Russell Square (Bloomsbury). Check in. Light lunch at The Lamb. Afternoon at the British Museum (free). Dinner at Honey & Co or Dishoom King's Cross.

Land at Heathrow. Take the Piccadilly Line direct, get off at **Russell Square** (Bloomsbury). Check in. Light lunch at **The Lamb** (94 Lamb's Conduit Street), a historic pub from 1729, honest fish and chips at £16, local ale £6.

Afternoon: **British Museum**. Free. Open 10 am-5 pm, Fridays until 8:30 pm. Don't try to see everything — pick 3 wings: Egypt (Rosetta Stone, mummies), Greece (the Parthenon Marbles, with the legitimate ongoing debate about returning them to Greece), Mesopotamia (winged bulls, Assyrian palace lions). 2 hours and 30 minutes of honest visiting. Suggested £5 donation at the entrance — optional, but give it if you can.

Leaving the museum, a 10-minute walk to **Bloomsbury Square**, then 15 minutes to **Russell Square Gardens** to sit down. Stop into **Persephone Books** (59 Lamb's Conduit Street), an independent bookshop with grey covers that reissues forgotten British women writers — one of the most charming bookstores in London.

Dinner: **Honey & Co Bloomsbury** (54 Warren Street), serious Middle Eastern food, mains £18-24, mezze £8-12. For a cheaper option, **Dishoom King's Cross** — the benchmark Indo-Iranian restaurant, 45-minute wait without a reservation at dinner, mains £14-19, worth the line.

---

### Day 2 — Westminster, Big Ben, Parliament Square and Tate Britain

**TL;DR**: Morning in Westminster (arrive at 9 am). Big Ben restored and gilded. Westminster Abbey £29 (worth it). Lunch at The Red Lion. Afternoon at Tate Britain (free).

Morning: **Westminster**. Leave early (arrive 9 am) to see Big Ben without crowds. Big Ben (officially the Elizabeth Tower) was restored in 2022 and is gilded again. The photo from Westminster Bridge with the tower in the background at 9 am with oblique sun is one of Europe's loveliest.

**Westminster Abbey** costs £29 standard, £34 with the tower. Steep, but it's the most history-laden church in the Anglo-Saxon world — a thousand years of coronations, Newton's tomb, Darwin's memorial, Shakespeare's monument. Audio guide narrated by Jeremy Irons included. Book at westminster-abbey.org. Avoid Sunday (closed for services). 1 hour 30 minutes of honest visiting.

Lunch: pub lunch at **The Red Lion** (48 Parliament Street), the favorite of MPs and Westminster journalists. Pie of the day £15, ale £6.50. Authentic atmosphere, no quotes needed.

Afternoon: walk through St. James's Park (free), past **Buckingham Palace** from outside — the interior tour only runs August and September (£32), and honestly doesn't earn its price compared to other European palaces. The Changing of the Guard happens at 11 am Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Massive crowd, hard photo, but if you wander past it stop for 15 minutes.

Walk along the river to **Tate Britain** (free). British art collection from the 16th century to today. Focus on Turner, Constable, the Pre-Raphaelites, Lucian Freud, David Hockney. Less crowded than Tate Modern, more contemplative. 1 hour 30 minutes.

Dinner: **The Cinnamon Club** (30-32 Great Smith Street) for sophisticated Indian (£60/person), or **Toby Carvery** for a traditional roast at £14 (chain, but honest).

---

### Day 3 — South Bank, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe

**TL;DR**: Cross the Millennium Bridge from St. Paul's. Tate Modern (free). Lunch at Borough Market. Afternoon at Shakespeare's Globe (£5-10 standing). Dinner at Padella.

Cross **Millennium Bridge** from St. Paul's. **Tate Modern** (free) is the largest modern art museum in the world. The permanent collection is free, temporary exhibitions £18-22. The Turbine Hall alone, with its monumental installations, justifies the visit. 2 hours.

Lunch: **Borough Market** (10-minute walk). A food market that's been on the same site since the 13th century. Bratwurst from Boston Sausage Company £8, Spanish paella £10, Bread Ahead brownie £4, gourmet cheese £15 per 100g. Not cheaper — it's a tourist market too — but the quality is real. Standing lunch for £15-25, taking things to eat by the river.

Afternoon: **Shakespeare's Globe Theatre**. A replica of the original built in 1599, rebuilt in 1997 about 200 m from the original site. Guided tour £25, standing tickets ("groundling") for a play £5-10 — yes, five pounds, the most democratic theater in the world. Season runs April to October. For a casual visitor, a comedy with a happy ending (A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night) is a better entry than Hamlet.

**St Paul's Cathedral** costs £20 (£25 with the dome). The dome was designed by Christopher Wren, 528 steps up to the Golden Gallery with a panoramic view of London. Worth it if you love Baroque architecture; skip if you prioritized Westminster Abbey yesterday.

Dinner: **Padella** (6 Southwark Street, Borough Market), fresh Italian pasta £9-13, 45-minute queue without a reservation, but the queue itself is part of the London experience. Sharing plates at £10.

---

### Day 4 — Tower of London, Tower Bridge and the East End

**TL;DR**: Tower of London £33.60 — the most justifiable paid ticket on the trip. 1,000 years of history, Crown Jewels, Beefeaters, ravens. Lunch at St Katharine Docks. Afternoon crossing Tower Bridge and exploring Bermondsey. Evening on Brick Lane.

**Tower of London** costs £33.60 adult, £16.80 child 5-15. It's expensive but it's the most justifiable paid ticket on the trip. 1,000 years of history in a single fortress: Anne Boleyn's prison, the Crown Jewels, the Beefeaters (guards in black hats), the ravens (officially kept because legend says if they leave, the monarchy falls). Book at hrp.org.uk, arrive before 10 am. 3-4 hours of visiting.

Lunch: 15-minute walk to **St Katharine Docks**, a hidden marina with canal-side pubs. **The Dickens Inn** does fish and chips for £18 with a view of Tower Bridge.

Afternoon: cross **Tower Bridge** on foot (free) and explore **Shad Thames**, an old port district that's been reformed. Coffee at **Shad Thames Coffee** £4, brownie £3. Walk along the river to **Bermondsey Street**, a rising foodie neighborhood, with **Maltby Street Market** open Friday to Sunday (small market, the less-crowded alternative to Borough).

Evening: **Brick Lane** (Aldgate East Tube). The East End's iconic street, once London's curry capital. **Aladin** or **Sheba** serve honest curry for £10-14. Every Friday and Saturday there's a vegan food fair and antique market. Muslim city by day, party by night. Unique atmosphere.

---

### Day 5 — South Kensington museums (Natural History, V&A, Science)

**TL;DR**: Full day in South Kensington, three free museums side by side. Natural History (blue whale, dinosaurs), V&A (design, fashion), Science Museum (technology). Late afternoon in Hyde Park.

Full day in **South Kensington**, the neighborhood with three big museums next to each other, all free.

**Natural History Museum** opens at 10 am. The 82-foot blue whale skeleton hanging in the main hall (it replaced Dippy the dinosaur in 2017). Diamonds, meteorites, earthquake simulator. Excellent with kids. 2 hours.

**V&A (Victoria and Albert Museum)** next door. The world's largest museum of decorative arts and design. Medieval tapestries, gala dresses, contemporary fashion, jewels, musical instruments. For photographers and lovers of aesthetics, it's the most underrated museum in London. 2-3 hours.

Lunch between the two: **Daquise** (20 Thurloe Street), a Polish restaurant from 1947 serving pierogi at £12 and bigos (sauerkraut stew) at £15. Or the fast version: a **Pret a Manger** sandwich £5, coffee £4.

Afternoon: **Science Museum**, the third of the trio. Focus on science and technology, excellent with kids (the "Wonderlab" room costs £10 extra and is worth it). Exhibits on space exploration, computing, medicine. 1.5-2 hours.

Late afternoon: 15-minute walk to **Hyde Park**, sit on the grass or rent a pedal boat on the Serpentine (£12 for 30 minutes). In October with yellow leaves it's movie scenery.

Dinner: **Comptoir Libanais** (chain) £18-25, or **Padella Shoreditch** if you want to cross town to repeat Day 3's pasta.

---

### Day 6 — Day trip: Cambridge or Oxford

**TL;DR**: Train from King's Cross/Liverpool Street (Cambridge, 50 min, £24) or Paddington (Oxford, 1 hr, £30). Cambridge: punting on the Cam, King's College Chapel, Eagle Pub. Oxford: Harry Potter scenery, Bodleian Library.

Take the train from **King's Cross** or **Liverpool Street** (Cambridge) or **Paddington** (Oxford).

**Cambridge:** 50 min by train, £24 off-peak round-trip if you buy before 9:30 am at the ticket office or on the **Trainline** app. University founded in 1209. Walk along the "Backs" (the bank of the River Cam that runs behind the colleges), **King's College Chapel** (£12), **Trinity College** (£5), a **punting** trip on the river (a punt pushed by a pole, £20/person with a guide, £35/hour if you want to drive yourself without a guide). Lunch at the **Eagle Pub** (the pub where Watson and Crick announced the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953, fish and chips £15). Back to London at day's end.

**Oxford:** 1 hr by train, £30 off-peak round-trip. Older university (1096). Harry Potter set (Christ Church College has the Hogwarts dining hall, £18 entry). **Bodleian Library** (£15 tour). **Ashmolean Museum** (free). More touristy than Cambridge but grander in scale.

Alternative for travelers who want Stonehenge: the **Stonehenge + Bath day tour** leaves Victoria Coach Station, £60-80 with entry included, a full day (8 am-7 pm). Stonehenge without a guided tour loses 80% of its context; pay for the tour with audio.

---

### Day 7 — Camden Market, Regent's Park and a West End musical

**TL;DR**: Morning at Camden Market and Regent's Canal. Lunch on Primrose Hill. Afternoon in Regent's Park. Last-minute ticket from the TKTS booth on Leicester Square (£35-60). Musical at 7:30 pm.

Morning: **Camden Market** (Camden Town Tube). London's post-punk market since the 1970s. Street food from 30 countries (£8-15), antiques, alternative clothing, indie music. **KERB Camden** food hall has ramen, banh mi, baos. 20-minute walk along the **Regent's Canal** to **Little Venice**, a residential neighborhood with colorful houseboats.

Lunch in **Camden** or walk to **Primrose Hill** (free panoramic London view, sit on the grass).

Afternoon: **Regent's Park** (free), one of London's prettiest, with **Queen Mary's Gardens** (40,000 roses). In spring-summer, **ZSL London Zoo** (£34) sits inside the park — expensive but with red pandas and gorillas; skip if you've seen a better zoo at home.

Late afternoon: the **TKTS Booth** on **Leicester Square**, the official kiosk selling last-minute West End tickets at 30-50% off. **Hamilton, Wicked, Mamma Mia, Lion King** start at £35-60 depending on the day and section. Same-day show, same-night ticket. Trusted since 1980.

Pre-musical dinner: **Wagamama** (£15-20, Japanese chain, generous), **Pret** (£8 sandwich+coffee), or **Shoryu Ramen** (£14-18, authentic ramen). Musical starts at 7:30 pm. The West End at night with its neon lights is a cliché for a reason.

---

### Honest average cost: 7 days in London

**TL;DR**: For a mid-range couple in compact rooms at £140-180/night, mixing pub lunches and supermarket meals, free museums as the backbone and three paid attractions: $1,800-2,500 per person for 7 days, flights excluded. With Norse JFK-LHR ($550), $2,350-3,050.

For a mid-range couple in compact £140-180/night rooms, mixing pub lunches and supermarket meals, free museums as the backbone, three paid attractions (Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, TKTS musical):

- Accommodation 7 nights: £1,050-1,260 ($1,335-1,600)
- Food (avg £45-60/person/day): £315-420 ($400-535)
- Transport (weekly cap £40.70): £40.70 ($52)
- Paid attractions: £100-150 ($127-191)
- ETA + Wise + extras: £80 ($102)

**Total per person, 7 days, no flight: $1,800-$2,500.** With a Norse JFK-LHR round-trip (~$550), $2,350-3,050 per person. Backpacker in a hostel can cut it in half. Couple in a boutique hotel can double it.

---

### Tipping, etiquette and what nobody tells you

**TL;DR**: Tipping isn't mandatory but is cultural. Mid-sized restaurants already include 12.5% service charge. Queues are sacred. "Cheers" works for everything. Look right when you cross.

Tipping in London isn't mandatory but is cultural. Mid-sized restaurants and up already include 12.5% "service charge" on the bill — check before adding anything. At a pub you don't tip the bartender, but you can buy them "one for yourself" (£1-2). Black cab, round up, usually 10%. Uber, no tip needed.

Queues in London are sacred. Cutting a British queue gets you treated as a criminal. Americans need to police themselves — the "getting close also counts as in line" habit doesn't work here.

"Cheers" means thanks, goodbye, see you, a toast, and about ten other things. Learn it and use it.

Pub: you order at the bar, pay on the spot, carry your own drink. Table service only happens in restaurants.

Pedestrians in London look right first because traffic drives on the left. Distracted Americans cross the wrong way and nearly die — it's painted in big letters on the asphalt at tourist corners: "LOOK RIGHT". Trust the paint.

Brexit, in practical terms for you: zero impact. Same passport, same line, same city. Costs rose for other reasons (European inflation, a stronger pound) but not because of Brexit.

---
