航班 CO2 计算器。

We use the DEFRA 2024 formula: distance × emission factor per class × radiative forcing (1.9) × passengers. Distance is great-circle (Haversine).

A business seat takes ~3x the space of economy. CO2 is split across fewer passengers, so per-person emissions nearly triple (0.115 → 0.333 kg CO2/pax-km).

Planes emit at altitude, where gases (NOx, water vapor, contrails) have larger climate impact. RF multiplies pure CO2 by ~1.9 to capture true warming.

Yes, ~30% less emissions on average. Takeoffs and landings burn disproportionately more fuel than cruise.

You fund certified projects (reforestation, clean energy, methane capture) that remove or avoid equivalent emissions. Average $15-25/tonne.

Gold Standard is stricter on social co-benefits. Verra (VCS) has bigger volume and variety. Both are global gold standards — pick by project, not label.

When certified (Gold Standard, Verra, Plan Vivo), yes — but it's the last resort. Order: reduce > avoid > offset. Critics point to phantom projects, hence certification matters.

Yes, on short routes (under 1000 km) with decarbonized electricity. Eurostar (nuclear) and Shinkansen emit ~0.04 kg CO2/pax-km vs 0.22 for planes.

Yes. Modern coach emits ~0.03 kg CO2/pax-km. Best option after train on routes up to 600 km.

A mature tree absorbs ~25 kg CO2/year. For 1 tonne (~ São Paulo–Buenos Aires flight), that's 40 trees for 1 year.

Yes — SAF can cut up to 80% of fossil CO2. But it's <0.1% of aviation fuel today. Some programs offer SAF opt-in.

Yes, 5–14x more emissions per passenger than commercial economy. A 4-person private jet on a light jet emits as much as 50 economy passengers on the same route.